543 lines
20 KiB
Markdown
543 lines
20 KiB
Markdown
[English](README.md) | 中文
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# libhv
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[](https://github.com/ithewei/libhv/actions/workflows/CI.yml?query=branch%3Amaster)
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[](https://github.com/ithewei/libhv/actions/workflows/CI.yml?query=branch%3Amaster)
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[](https://github.com/ithewei/libhv/actions/workflows/CI.yml?query=branch%3Amaster)
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[](https://github.com/ithewei/libhv/actions/workflows/CI.yml?query=branch%3Amaster)
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[](https://github.com/ithewei/libhv/actions/workflows/CI.yml?query=branch%3Amaster)
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[](https://github.com/ithewei/libhv/actions/workflows/benchmark.yml?query=branch%3Amaster)
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<br>
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[](https://github.com/ithewei/libhv/releases)
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[](https://github.com/ithewei/libhv/stargazers)
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[](https://github.com/ithewei/libhv/forks)
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[](https://github.com/ithewei/libhv/issues)
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[](https://github.com/ithewei/libhv/pulls)
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[](https://github.com/ithewei/libhv/contributors)
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[](LICENSE)
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<br>
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[](https://gitee.com/libhv/libhv)
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[](https://github.com/oz123/awesome-c)
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[](https://github.com/fffaraz/awesome-cpp)
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`libhv`是一个类似于`libevent、libev、libuv`的跨平台网络库，提供了更易用的接口和更丰富的协议。
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## 📚 中文资料
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- **libhv QQ群**: `739352073`，欢迎加群交流
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- **libhv 源码剖析**: <https://hewei.blog.csdn.net/article/details/123295998>
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- **libhv 接口手册**: <https://hewei.blog.csdn.net/article/details/103976875>
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- **libhv 教程目录**: <https://hewei.blog.csdn.net/article/details/113733758>
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- [libhv教程01--介绍与体验](https://hewei.blog.csdn.net/article/details/113702536)
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- [libhv教程02--编译与安装](https://hewei.blog.csdn.net/article/details/113704737)
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- [libhv教程03--链库与使用](https://hewei.blog.csdn.net/article/details/113706378)
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- [libhv教程04--编写一个完整的命令行程序](https://hewei.blog.csdn.net/article/details/113719503)
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- [libhv教程05--事件循环以及定时器的简单使用](https://hewei.blog.csdn.net/article/details/113724474)
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- [libhv教程06--创建一个简单的TCP服务端](https://hewei.blog.csdn.net/article/details/113737580)
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- [libhv教程07--创建一个简单的TCP客户端](https://hewei.blog.csdn.net/article/details/113738900)
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- [libhv教程08--创建一个简单的UDP服务端](https://hewei.blog.csdn.net/article/details/113871498)
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- [libhv教程09--创建一个简单的UDP客户端](https://hewei.blog.csdn.net/article/details/113871724)
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- [libhv教程10--创建一个简单的HTTP服务端](https://hewei.blog.csdn.net/article/details/113982999)
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- [libhv教程11--创建一个简单的HTTP客户端](https://hewei.blog.csdn.net/article/details/113984302)
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- [libhv教程12--创建一个简单的WebSocket服务端](https://hewei.blog.csdn.net/article/details/113985321)
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- [libhv教程13--创建一个简单的WebSocket客户端](https://hewei.blog.csdn.net/article/details/113985895)
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- [libhv教程14--200行实现一个纯C版jsonrpc框架](https://hewei.blog.csdn.net/article/details/119920540)
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- [libhv教程15--200行实现一个C++版protorpc框架](https://hewei.blog.csdn.net/article/details/119966701)
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- [libhv教程16--多线程/多进程服务端编程](https://hewei.blog.csdn.net/article/details/120366024)
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- [libhv教程17--Qt中使用libhv](https://hewei.blog.csdn.net/article/details/120699890)
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- [libhv教程18--动手写一个tinyhttpd](https://hewei.blog.csdn.net/article/details/121706604)
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- [libhv教程19--MQTT的实现与使用](https://hewei.blog.csdn.net/article/details/122753665)
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## ✨ 特性
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- 跨平台（Linux, Windows, macOS, Android, iOS, BSD, Solaris）
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- 高性能事件循环（网络IO事件、定时器事件、空闲事件、自定义事件）
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- TCP/UDP服务端/客户端/代理
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- TCP支持心跳、重连、转发、多线程安全write和close等特性
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- 内置常见的拆包模式（固定包长、分界符、头部长度字段）
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- 可靠UDP支持: WITH_KCP
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- SSL/TLS加密通信（可选WITH_OPENSSL、WITH_GNUTLS、WITH_MBEDTLS）
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- HTTP服务端/客户端（支持https http1/x http2 grpc）
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- HTTP支持静态文件服务、目录服务、正向/反向代理服务、同步/异步API处理器
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- HTTP支持RESTful风格、路由、中间件、keep-alive长连接、chunked分块、SSE等特性
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- WebSocket服务端/客户端
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- MQTT客户端
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## ⌛️ 构建
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见[BUILD.md](BUILD.md)
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libhv提供了以下构建方式:
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1、通过Makefile:
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```shell
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./configure
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make
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sudo make install
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```
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2、通过cmake:
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```shell
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mkdir build
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cd build
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cmake ..
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cmake --build .
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```
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3、通过bazel:
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```shell
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bazel build libhv
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```
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4、通过vcpkg:
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```shell
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vcpkg install libhv
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```
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5、通过xmake:
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```shell
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xrepo install libhv
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```
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## ⚡️ 快速入门
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### 体验
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运行脚本`./getting_started.sh`:
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```shell
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# 下载编译
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git clone https://github.com/ithewei/libhv.git
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cd libhv
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./configure
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make
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# 运行httpd服务
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bin/httpd -h
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bin/httpd -d
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#bin/httpd -c etc/httpd.conf -s restart -d
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ps aux | grep httpd
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# 文件服务
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bin/curl -v localhost:8080
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# 目录服务
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bin/curl -v localhost:8080/downloads/
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# API服务
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bin/curl -v localhost:8080/ping
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bin/curl -v localhost:8080/echo -d "hello,world!"
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bin/curl -v localhost:8080/query?page_no=1\&page_size=10
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bin/curl -v localhost:8080/kv -H "Content-Type:application/x-www-form-urlencoded" -d 'user=admin&pswd=123456'
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bin/curl -v localhost:8080/json -H "Content-Type:application/json" -d '{"user":"admin","pswd":"123456"}'
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bin/curl -v localhost:8080/form -F 'user=admin' -F 'pswd=123456'
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bin/curl -v localhost:8080/upload -d "@LICENSE"
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bin/curl -v localhost:8080/upload -F "file=@LICENSE"
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bin/curl -v localhost:8080/test -H "Content-Type:application/x-www-form-urlencoded" -d 'bool=1&int=123&float=3.14&string=hello'
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bin/curl -v localhost:8080/test -H "Content-Type:application/json" -d '{"bool":true,"int":123,"float":3.14,"string":"hello"}'
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bin/curl -v localhost:8080/test -F 'bool=1' -F 'int=123' -F 'float=3.14' -F 'string=hello'
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# RESTful API: /group/:group_name/user/:user_id
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bin/curl -v -X DELETE localhost:8080/group/test/user/123
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# 压力测试
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bin/wrk -c 1000 -d 10 -t 4 http://127.0.0.1:8080/
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```
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### TCP
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#### TCP服务端
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**c版本**: [examples/tcp_echo_server.c](examples/tcp_echo_server.c)
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**c++版本**: [evpp/TcpServer_test.cpp](evpp/TcpServer_test.cpp)
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```c++
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#include "TcpServer.h"
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using namespace hv;
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int main() {
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int port = 1234;
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TcpServer srv;
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int listenfd = srv.createsocket(port);
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if (listenfd < 0) {
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return -1;
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}
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printf("server listen on port %d, listenfd=%d ...\n", port, listenfd);
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srv.onConnection = [](const SocketChannelPtr& channel) {
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std::string peeraddr = channel->peeraddr();
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if (channel->isConnected()) {
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printf("%s connected! connfd=%d\n", peeraddr.c_str(), channel->fd());
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} else {
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printf("%s disconnected! connfd=%d\n", peeraddr.c_str(), channel->fd());
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}
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};
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srv.onMessage = [](const SocketChannelPtr& channel, Buffer* buf) {
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// echo
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channel->write(buf);
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};
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srv.setThreadNum(4);
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srv.start();
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// press Enter to stop
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while (getchar() != '\n');
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return 0;
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}
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```
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**注意**:
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以上示例只是简单的`echo`服务，TCP是流式协议，实际应用中请务必添加边界进行拆包。<br>
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文本协议建议加上`\0`或者`\r\n`分隔符，可参考 [examples/jsonrpc](examples/jsonrpc);<br>
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二进制协议建议加上自定义协议头，通过头部长度字段表明负载长度，可参考 [examples/protorpc](examples/protorpc);<br>
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通过`setUnpack`（c接口即`hio_set_unpack`）设置拆包规则，支持固定包长、分隔符、头部长度字段三种常见的拆包方式，<br>
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内部根据拆包规则处理粘包与分包，保证`onMessage`回调上来的是完整的一包数据，大大节省了上层处理粘包与分包的成本。<br>
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不想自定义协议和拆包组包的可直接使用现成的`HTTP/WebSocket`协议。<br>
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<br>
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`channel->write`（c接口即`hio_write`）是非阻塞的（事件循环异步编程里所有的一切都要求是非阻塞的），且多线程安全的。<br>
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发送大数据时应该做流控，通过`onWriteComplete`监听写完成事件，在可写时再发送下一帧数据。<br>
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具体示例代码可参考 [examples/tinyhttpd.c](examples/tinyhttpd.c) 中的 `http_serve_file`。<br>
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<br>
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`channel->close`（c接口即`hio_close`) 也是多线程安全的，这可以让网络IO事件循环线程里接收数据、拆包组包、反序列化后放入队列，<br>
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消费者线程/线程池从队列里取出数据、处理后发送响应和关闭连接，变得更加简单。<br>
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#### TCP客户端
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**c版本**: [examples/tcp_client_test.c](examples/tcp_client_test.c)
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**c++版本**: [evpp/TcpClient_test.cpp](evpp/TcpClient_test.cpp)
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```c++
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#include <iostream>
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#include "TcpClient.h"
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using namespace hv;
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int main() {
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int port = 1234;
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TcpClient cli;
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int connfd = cli.createsocket(port);
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if (connfd < 0) {
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return -1;
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}
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cli.onConnection = [](const SocketChannelPtr& channel) {
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std::string peeraddr = channel->peeraddr();
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if (channel->isConnected()) {
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printf("connected to %s! connfd=%d\n", peeraddr.c_str(), channel->fd());
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} else {
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printf("disconnected to %s! connfd=%d\n", peeraddr.c_str(), channel->fd());
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}
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};
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cli.onMessage = [](const SocketChannelPtr& channel, Buffer* buf) {
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printf("< %.*s\n", (int)buf->size(), (char*)buf->data());
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};
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cli.start();
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std::string str;
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while (std::getline(std::cin, str)) {
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if (str == "close") {
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cli.closesocket();
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} else if (str == "start") {
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cli.start();
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} else if (str == "stop") {
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cli.stop();
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break;
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} else {
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if (!cli.isConnected()) break;
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cli.send(str);
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}
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}
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return 0;
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}
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```
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### HTTP
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#### HTTP服务端
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见[examples/http_server_test.cpp](examples/http_server_test.cpp)
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**golang gin 风格**
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```c++
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#include "HttpServer.h"
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using namespace hv;
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int main() {
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HttpService router;
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router.GET("/ping", [](HttpRequest* req, HttpResponse* resp) {
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return resp->String("pong");
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});
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router.GET("/data", [](HttpRequest* req, HttpResponse* resp) {
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static char data[] = "0123456789";
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return resp->Data(data, 10);
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});
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router.GET("/paths", [&router](HttpRequest* req, HttpResponse* resp) {
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return resp->Json(router.Paths());
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});
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router.GET("/get", [](HttpRequest* req, HttpResponse* resp) {
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resp->json["origin"] = req->client_addr.ip;
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resp->json["url"] = req->url;
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resp->json["args"] = req->query_params;
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resp->json["headers"] = req->headers;
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return 200;
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});
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router.POST("/echo", [](const HttpContextPtr& ctx) {
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return ctx->send(ctx->body(), ctx->type());
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});
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HttpServer server(&router);
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server.setPort(8080);
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server.setThreadNum(4);
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server.run();
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return 0;
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}
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```
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**注意**:
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上面示例直接运行在`main`主线程，`server.run()`会阻塞当前线程运行，所以`router`和`server`对象不会被析构，<br>
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如使用`server.start()`内部会另起线程运行，不会阻塞当前线程，但需要注意`router`和`server`的生命周期，<br>
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不要定义为局部变量被析构了，可定义为类成员变量或者全局变量，下面的`WebSocket`服务同理。<br>
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#### HTTP客户端
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见[examples/http_client_test.cpp](examples/http_client_test.cpp)
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**python requests 风格**
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```c++
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#include "requests.h"
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int main() {
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auto resp = requests::get("http://www.example.com");
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if (resp == NULL) {
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printf("request failed!\n");
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} else {
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printf("%s\n", resp->body.c_str());
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}
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resp = requests::post("127.0.0.1:8080/echo", "hello,world!");
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if (resp == NULL) {
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printf("request failed!\n");
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} else {
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printf("%s\n", resp->body.c_str());
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}
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return 0;
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}
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```
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附HTTP相关接口文档:
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- [class HttpMessage](docs/cn/HttpMessage.md)
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- [class HttpClient](docs/cn/HttpClient.md)
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- [class HttpServer](docs/cn/HttpServer.md)
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- [class HttpContext](docs/cn/HttpContext.md)
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### WebSocket
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#### WebSocket服务端
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见[examples/websocket_server_test.cpp](examples/websocket_server_test.cpp)
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```c++
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#include "WebSocketServer.h"
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using namespace hv;
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int main(int argc, char** argv) {
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WebSocketService ws;
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ws.onopen = [](const WebSocketChannelPtr& channel, const HttpRequestPtr& req) {
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printf("onopen: GET %s\n", req->Path().c_str());
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};
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ws.onmessage = [](const WebSocketChannelPtr& channel, const std::string& msg) {
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printf("onmessage: %.*s\n", (int)msg.size(), msg.data());
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};
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ws.onclose = [](const WebSocketChannelPtr& channel) {
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printf("onclose\n");
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};
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WebSocketServer server(&ws);
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server.setPort(9999);
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server.setThreadNum(4);
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server.run();
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return 0;
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}
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```
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#### WebSocket客户端
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见[examples/websocket_client_test.cpp](examples/websocket_client_test.cpp)
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```c++
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#include "WebSocketClient.h"
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using namespace hv;
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int main(int argc, char** argv) {
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WebSocketClient ws;
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ws.onopen = []() {
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printf("onopen\n");
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};
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ws.onmessage = [](const std::string& msg) {
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printf("onmessage: %.*s\n", (int)msg.size(), msg.data());
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};
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ws.onclose = []() {
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printf("onclose\n");
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};
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// reconnect: 1,2,4,8,10,10,10...
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reconn_setting_t reconn;
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reconn_setting_init(&reconn);
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reconn.min_delay = 1000;
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reconn.max_delay = 10000;
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reconn.delay_policy = 2;
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ws.setReconnect(&reconn);
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ws.open("ws://127.0.0.1:9999/test");
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std::string str;
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while (std::getline(std::cin, str)) {
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if (!ws.isConnected()) break;
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if (str == "quit") {
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ws.close();
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break;
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}
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ws.send(str);
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}
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return 0;
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}
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```
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## 🍭 更多示例
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### c版本
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- 事件循环: [examples/hloop_test.c](examples/hloop_test.c)
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- 定时器: [examples/htimer_test.c](examples/htimer_test.c)
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- TCP回显服务: [examples/tcp_echo_server.c](examples/tcp_echo_server.c)
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- TCP聊天服务: [examples/tcp_chat_server.c](examples/tcp_chat_server.c)
|
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- TCP代理服务: [examples/tcp_proxy_server.c](examples/tcp_proxy_server.c)
|
||
- UDP回显服务: [examples/udp_echo_server.c](examples/udp_echo_server.c)
|
||
- UDP代理服务: [examples/udp_proxy_server.c](examples/udp_proxy_server.c)
|
||
- SOCKS5代理服务: [examples/socks5_proxy_server.c](examples/socks5_proxy_server.c)
|
||
- HTTP服务: [examples/tinyhttpd.c](examples/tinyhttpd.c)
|
||
- HTTP代理服务: [examples/tinyproxyd.c](examples/tinyproxyd.c)
|
||
- jsonRPC示例: [examples/jsonrpc](examples/jsonrpc)
|
||
- MQTT示例: [examples/mqtt](examples/mqtt)
|
||
- 多accept进程模式: [examples/multi-thread/multi-acceptor-processes.c](examples/multi-thread/multi-acceptor-processes.c)
|
||
- 多accept线程模式: [examples/multi-thread/multi-acceptor-threads.c](examples/multi-thread/multi-acceptor-threads.c)
|
||
- 一个accept线程+多worker线程: [examples/multi-thread/one-acceptor-multi-workers.c](examples/multi-thread/one-acceptor-multi-workers.c)
|
||
|
||
### c++版本
|
||
- 事件循环: [evpp/EventLoop_test.cpp](evpp/EventLoop_test.cpp)
|
||
- 事件循环线程: [evpp/EventLoopThread_test.cpp](evpp/EventLoopThread_test.cpp)
|
||
- 事件循环线程池: [evpp/EventLoopThreadPool_test.cpp](evpp/EventLoopThreadPool_test.cpp)
|
||
- 定时器: [evpp/TimerThread_test.cpp](evpp/TimerThread_test.cpp)
|
||
- TCP服务端: [evpp/TcpServer_test.cpp](evpp/TcpServer_test.cpp)
|
||
- TCP客户端: [evpp/TcpClient_test.cpp](evpp/TcpClient_test.cpp)
|
||
- UDP服务端: [evpp/UdpServer_test.cpp](evpp/UdpServer_test.cpp)
|
||
- UDP客户端: [evpp/UdpClient_test.cpp](evpp/UdpClient_test.cpp)
|
||
- HTTP服务端: [examples/http_server_test.cpp](examples/http_server_test.cpp)
|
||
- HTTP客户端: [examples/http_client_test.cpp](examples/http_client_test.cpp)
|
||
- WebSocket服务端: [examples/websocket_server_test.cpp](examples/websocket_server_test.cpp)
|
||
- WebSocket客户端: [examples/websocket_client_test.cpp](examples/websocket_client_test.cpp)
|
||
- protobufRPC示例: [examples/protorpc](examples/protorpc)
|
||
- Qt中使用libhv示例: [hv-projects/QtDemo](https://github.com/hv-projects/QtDemo)
|
||
|
||
### 模拟实现著名的命令行工具
|
||
- 网络连接工具: [examples/nc](examples/nc.c)
|
||
- 网络扫描工具: [examples/nmap](examples/nmap)
|
||
- HTTP服务程序: [examples/httpd](examples/httpd)
|
||
- HTTP压测工具: [examples/wrk](examples/wrk.cpp)
|
||
- URL请求工具: [examples/curl](examples/curl.cpp)
|
||
- 文件下载工具: [examples/wget](examples/wget.cpp)
|
||
- 服务注册与发现: [examples/consul](examples/consul)
|
||
|
||
## 🥇 性能测试
|
||
|
||
### TCP回显服务pingpong测试
|
||
```shell
|
||
cd echo-servers
|
||
./build.sh
|
||
./benchmark.sh
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
**吞吐量**:
|
||
```shell
|
||
libevent running on port 2001
|
||
libev running on port 2002
|
||
libuv running on port 2003
|
||
libhv running on port 2004
|
||
asio running on port 2005
|
||
poco running on port 2006
|
||
|
||
==============2001=====================================
|
||
[127.0.0.1:2001] 4 threads 1000 connections run 10s
|
||
total readcount=1616761 readbytes=1655563264
|
||
throughput = 157 MB/s
|
||
|
||
==============2002=====================================
|
||
[127.0.0.1:2002] 4 threads 1000 connections run 10s
|
||
total readcount=2153171 readbytes=2204847104
|
||
throughput = 210 MB/s
|
||
|
||
==============2003=====================================
|
||
[127.0.0.1:2003] 4 threads 1000 connections run 10s
|
||
total readcount=1599727 readbytes=1638120448
|
||
throughput = 156 MB/s
|
||
|
||
==============2004=====================================
|
||
[127.0.0.1:2004] 4 threads 1000 connections run 10s
|
||
total readcount=2202271 readbytes=2255125504
|
||
throughput = 215 MB/s
|
||
|
||
==============2005=====================================
|
||
[127.0.0.1:2005] 4 threads 1000 connections run 10s
|
||
total readcount=1354230 readbytes=1386731520
|
||
throughput = 132 MB/s
|
||
|
||
==============2006=====================================
|
||
[127.0.0.1:2006] 4 threads 1000 connections run 10s
|
||
total readcount=1699652 readbytes=1740443648
|
||
throughput = 165 MB/s
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### TCP代理服务压测
|
||
|
||
```shell
|
||
# sudo apt install iperf
|
||
iperf -s -p 5001 > /dev/null &
|
||
bin/tcp_proxy_server 1212 127.0.0.1:5001 &
|
||
iperf -c 127.0.0.1 -p 5001 -l 8K
|
||
iperf -c 127.0.0.1 -p 1212 -l 8K
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
**带宽**:
|
||
```shell
|
||
------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
[ 3] local 127.0.0.1 port 52560 connected with 127.0.0.1 port 5001
|
||
[ ID] Interval Transfer Bandwidth
|
||
[ 3] 0.0-10.0 sec 20.8 GBytes 17.9 Gbits/sec
|
||
|
||
------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
[ 3] local 127.0.0.1 port 48142 connected with 127.0.0.1 port 1212
|
||
[ ID] Interval Transfer Bandwidth
|
||
[ 3] 0.0-10.0 sec 11.9 GBytes 10.2 Gbits/sec
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### HTTP压测
|
||
```shell
|
||
# sudo apt install wrk
|
||
wrk -c 100 -t 4 -d 10s http://127.0.0.1:8080/
|
||
|
||
# sudo apt install apache2-utils
|
||
ab -c 100 -n 100000 http://127.0.0.1:8080/
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
**libhv(port:8080) vs nginx(port:80)**
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
以上测试结果可以在 [Github Actions](https://github.com/ithewei/libhv/actions/workflows/benchmark.yml) 中查看。
|
||
|
||
## 💎 用户案例
|
||
|
||
如果您在使用`libhv`，欢迎通过PR将信息提交至此列表，让更多的用户了解`libhv`的实际使用场景，以建立更好的网络生态。
|
||
|
||
| 用户 (公司名/项目名/个人联系方式) | 案例 (项目简介/业务场景) |
|
||
| :--- | :--- |
|
||
| [阅面科技](https://www.readsense.cn) | [猎户AIoT平台](https://orionweb.readsense.cn)设备管理、人脸检测HTTP服务、人脸搜索HTTP服务 |
|
||
| [socks5-libhv](https://gitee.com/billykang/socks5-libhv) | socks5代理 |
|
||
| [hvloop](https://github.com/xiispace/hvloop) | 类似[uvloop](https://github.com/MagicStack/uvloop)的python异步IO事件循环 |
|
||
| [tsproxyd-android](https://github.com/Haiwen-GitHub/tsproxyd-android) | 一个基于libhv实现的android端web代理服务 |
|
||
| [玄舟智维](https://zjzwxw.com) | C100K设备连接网关服务 |
|
||
|